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Monday, 25 November 2013

Question:How do I figure out the Internet's infrastructure?
Let's suppose we don't know about the history of the Internet, nor do we have access to any online resources that explain us this. Then, the only way to learn how the Internet infastructure is built is to go back to the roots. Using existing protocols to discover how our Internet is built.

Specifically, the Internet Control Message Protocol or ICMP defines the Echo request and the Echo reply. By increasing the Time To Live of IP packets by 1 each iteration, you can find each next hop on the path to your target. This allows you to get a list of hops between you and your target, the classic traceroute.

On Windows, you can use tracert; on Linux and Mac OS X, you can use traceroute.

So, let's do a traceroute from Belgium to the United States; Stack Exchange looks like a good target.

Tracing route to stackexchange.com [64.34.119.12] over a maximum of 30 hops:

5    10 ms    12 ms    12 ms te-3-3.car2.Brussels1.Level3.net [212.3.237.53]
6    11 ms    11 ms    15 ms ae-0-11.bar2.Brussels1.Level3.net [4.69.148.178]
7    20 ms    13 ms    15 ms ae-7-7.ebr1.London1.Level3.net [4.69.148.182]
8    16 ms    16 ms    18 ms vlan101.ebr2.London1.Level3.net [4.69.143.86]
9    83 ms    84 ms    87 ms ae-44-44.ebr1.NewYork1.Level3.net [4.69.137.78]
10    84 ms    93 ms    97 ms ae-71-71.csw2.NewYork1.Level3.net [4.69.134.70]
11    87 ms    96 ms    83 ms ae-2-70.edge1.NewYork1.Level3.net [4.69.155.78]
12    84 ms    93 ms    84 ms gig2-0.nyc-gsr-b.peer1.net [216.187.123.5]
13    87 ms    84 ms    85 ms gwny01.stackoverflow.com [64.34.41.58]
14    87 ms    82 ms    87 ms stackoverflow.com [64.34.119.12]

Interesting, we now know that Belgium, London and New York are all connected to Level3. Level3 can be seen as an ISP to ISPs, they simply interconnect multiple ISPs. Here is a picture of how it's connected:

Let's go the opposite direction, China! The first thing I could find is the search engine Baidu.

Tracing route to baidu.com [123.125.114.144] over a maximum of 30 hops:

5    12 ms    10 ms    12 ms ae0.anr11.ip4.tinet.net [77.67.65.177]
6   167 ms   167 ms   167 ms xe-5-1-0.sjc10.ip4.tinet.net [89.149.185.161]
7   390 ms   388 ms   388 ms as4837.ip4.tinet.net [77.67.79.150]
8   397 ms   393 ms   397 ms 219.158.30.41
9   892 ms     *      392 ms 219.158.97.13
10   407 ms   403 ms   403 ms 219.158.11.197
11   452 ms   451 ms   452 ms 219.158.15.5
12     *      434 ms   434 ms 123.126.0.66
13   449 ms   450 ms   450 ms 61.148.3.34
14   432 ms   433 ms   431 ms 202.106.43.66
15   435 ms   435 ms   436 ms 123.125.114.144

Well, not much information about the Chinese ISPs there but we at least found Tinet. Here is a nice picture of their site that shows how they connect with the various ISPs:

They simply have a cloud of hops spread about the relevant part of the world they serve, and at the end points they connect to the ISPs. The reason they have a cloud of hops is for reliability, for when some hops fall out...

If you repeat this a few times, you can get an idea of how everything is connected.

So, what Network Tiers are there?

The huge networks we found through trace-routing are known as Tier 1 networks.

    Although there is no authority that defines tiers of networks participating in the Internet, the most common definition of a tier 1 network is one that can reach every other network on the Internet without purchasing IP transit or paying settlements.

    By this definition, a tier 1 network is a transit-free network that peers with every other tier-1 network. But not all transit-free networks are tier 1 networks. It is possible to become transit-free by paying for peering or agreeing to settlements.

Common definitions of tier 2 and tier 3 networks:

        Tier 2: A network that peers with some networks, but still purchases IP transit or pays settlements to reach at least some portion of the Internet.

        Tier 3: A network that solely purchases transit from other networks to reach the Internet.

If you click through to Tier 1 networks from the Internet Backbone page you get to a list of the current Tier 1 networks:

        AT&T from USA
        Centurylink (formerly Qwest and Savvis) from USA
        Deutsche Telekom AG from Germany
        Inteliquent (formerly Tinet) from USA
        Verizon Business (formerly UUNET) from USA
        Sprint from USA
        TeliaSonera International Carrier from Sweden
        NTT Communications from Japan
        Level 3 Communications from USA
        Tata Communications from India

It is not known if AOL Transit Data Network (ATDN) is still a Tier 1 network.

Wait, what... What is Peering?

These networks connect to each other through a process known as 'peering'. Most traffic needs to go over at least 2 different top tier networks in order to reach its destination, and the networks are bridged with peering arrangements. The way this usually works is that each party to the agreement will commit to routing x amount of traffic for the other party on their network, and vice-verse. There is usually no money exchanged in these arrangements, unless one side is sending or receiving a lot more data than the other sides.

Large companies can also go out and arrange their own peering relationships. For example Netflix has arranged its own peering and network infrastructure directly with multiple tier-1 networks so that its traffic is both cheaper and closer to end users on each of the popular US broadband ISP's.

Some Reference links to understand network:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_principle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol#Reliability
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulation_(networking)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectionless_communication
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology#Decentralization

Saturday, 22 June 2013

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Cloud Computing – The technology of distributed data processing in which some scalable information resources and capacities are provided as a service to multiple external customers through Internet technology.

Cloud computing concept includes all of the following concepts:

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) – A computer infrastructure, typically presented in the form of virtualization. Is a service within the concept of cloud computing.

PaaS (Platform as a Service) – An integrated platform for the development, deployment, testing and support of web-applications. Presented as a service on the basis of the concept of “cloud hosting“.

SaaS (Software as a service) – Is the business model of software license, which involves the development and support of the software vendor. Customers also have the opportunity of paid use of it, usually through the Internet.

DaaS (Desktop as a Service) – Another business model license the software, which is a slightly improved model of SaaS, mostly involving the use of multiple services at the same time necessary to complete the work. Was first introduced in the early 2000s.

In addition to the above within the concept of cloud computing there are also common notion Data as a service and Everything as a service respectively. Both concepts show that, through the World Wide Web using Cloud Computing, can meet any requirements in the processing of information. This is the main advantage of cloud computing in the IT-based business solutions.

Sunday, 16 June 2013

This is a post which i stared learning recently so sharing my little knowledge so intrusion detection system (IDS) is basically used for monitoring the network, it detects intruders; that is, unexpected, unwanted or unauthorized people or programs on network.

An intrusion detection system has a number of sensors that is used to detect unwanted or unexpected flow of network traffic, the major sensors as follows:

A sensor monitor log files

A sensor monitor TCP ingoing or outgoing connections

How Intrusion Detection System Works?

Intrusion detection system works by collecting information and then examining it.IDS collects data from it sensors and analyze this data to give notice to the system administrator about malicious activity on the network.

An intrusion detection system can be run manually but most IT administrators find it easier to automate the system checks to ensure that nothing is accidentally overlooked.

We can mainly categorize an IDS into two type:

1. NIDS (Network Intrusion Detection Systems).
2. HIDS (Host Intrusion Detection Systems)

There is still a question, why we use IDS if there is firewall to perform these tasks, Firewall is used to stop unwanted traffic from entering or leaving the internal enterprise network, where as the IDS is deployed to monitor traffic in vital segments in the network, generating alerts when an intrusion is detected.

A firewall has got holes to let things through, without it you wouldn't be able to access the Internet or send or receive emails, there are different ways to bypass or cheat a firewall.

Snort is an excellent open source Network Intrusion Detection System, OSSEC is an Open Source Host-based Intrusion Detection System.

Below is an an overview of the basic architecture as well as practical examples of how to customize Open Source Host-based Intrusion Detection System to manage logging from your infrastructure and applications.

Video On Intrusion Detection System

source:DARKSITE

Monday, 13 May 2013

The GSM technical specifications define the different entities that form the GSM network by defining their functions and interface requirements.

The GSM network can be divided into four main parts:

The Mobile Station (MS).
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS).
The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS).
The Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS).

The architecture of the GSM network is presented in figure 1.

Mobile Station:

A Mobile Station consists of two main elements:

The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM): It is protected by a four-digit Personal Identification Number (PIN). In order to identify the subscriber to the system, the SIM card contains amongst others a unique International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). User mobility is provided through maping the subscriber to the SIM card rather than the terminal as we done in past cellular systems.

Mobile equipment/terminal (ME): There are different types of terminals (MN) distinguished principally by their power and application:

`fixed' terminals mainly installed in cars. Their maximum allowed output power is 20W

portable terminals can also be installed in vehicles. Their maximum allowed output power is 8W.
handheld terminals; their popularity is owed to their weight and volume, which is continuously decreasing. According to some specification these terminals may emit up to 0.8W. However, as technology has evolved their maximum allowed power ouput is limited to 0.1W.

Base Station Subsystem: The BSS provides the interface between the ME and the NSS. It is in charge of the transmission and reception. It may be divided into two parts:

Base Station Controller (BSC): It controls a group of BTSs and manages their radio ressources. A BSC is principally in charge of handoffs, frequency hopping, exchange functions and power control over each managed BTSs.
Base Transceiver Station (BTS) or Base Station: it maps to transceivers and antennas used in each cell of the network. It is usually placed in the center of a cell. Its transmitting power defines the size of a cell. Each BTS has between 1-16 transceivers depending on the density of users in the cell.

NSS: Its main role is to manage the communications between the mobile users and other users, such as mobile users, ISDN users, fixed telephony users, etc. It also includes data bases needed in order to store information about the subscribers and to manage their mobility. The different components of the NSS are described below.

MSC: the central component of the NSS. The MSC performs the switching functions of the network. It also provides connection to other networks.
GMSC: A gateway that interconnects two networks: the cellular network and the PSTN. It is in charge of routing calls from the fixed network towards a GSM user. The GMSC is often implemented in the same machines as the MSC.
HLR: The HLR stores information of the suscribers belonging to the coverage area of a MSC; it also stores the current location of these subscribers and the services to which they have access. The location of the subscriber maps to the SS7 address of the Visitor Location Register (VLR) associated to the MN.
VLR: contains information from a subscriber's HLR necessary to provide the subscribed services to visiting users. When a subscriber enters the covering area of a new MSC, the VLR associated to this MSC will request information about the new subscriber to its corresponding HLR. The VLR will then have enough data to assure the subscribed services without needing to ask the HLR each time a communication is established. The VLR is always implemented together with a MSC; thus, the area under control of the MSC is also the area under control of the VLR.
Authentication Center (AuC): It serves security purposes; it provides the parameters needed for authentication and encryption functions. These parameters allow verification of the subscriber's identity.
Equipment Identity Register (EIR): EIR stores security-sensitive information about the mobile equipments. It maintains a list of all valid terminals as identified by their International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI). The EIR allows then to forbid calls from stolen or unauthorized terminals (e.g, a terminal which does not respect the specifications concerning the output RF power).
GSM Interworking Unit (GIWU): The GIWU provides an interface to various networks for data communications. During these communications, the transmission of speech and data can be alternated.

Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS): It is connected to components of the NSS and the BSC, in order to control and monitor the GSM system. It is also in charge of controlling the traffic load of the BSS. It must be noted that as the number of BS increases with the scaling of the subscriber population some of the maintenance tasks are transferred to the BTS, allowing savings in the cost of ownership of the system.

Geographical areas

A cell, as identified by its Cell Global Identity (CGI) number, maps to the radio coverage of a BTS. Similarly an LA as identified by its Location Area Identity (LAI) number , is a cluster of cells served by a single MSC/VLR. A group of LA under the control of the same MSC/VLR defines the MSC/VLR area. A Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) is the area served by one network operator.

Network operations

In this paragraph, the description of the GSM network is focused on the differents functions to fulfil by the network and not on its physical components. In GSM, five main functions can be defined:

Transmission: of data and signaling. Not all the components of the GSM network are strongly related with both types of types of Tx. While the MSC, BTS and BSC, among others, are involved with data and signaling, components such as HLR, VLR or EIR registers, are only concerned with signaling.
Radio Resources Management (RRM).
Mobility Management (MM).
Communication Management (CM).
Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM).

Radio Resources Management (RRM)
The role of the RR function is to establish, maintain and release communication links between mobile stations and the MSC. The elements that are mainly concerned with the RR function are the MN and the BTS. However, since the RR component performs connection management also during cell handoffs, it also affects the MSC which is the handoff management component.
The RR is also responsible for the management of frequency resources as well as varying radio interface conditions. Main component operations are:

Channel assignment, change and release.
Handoff
Frequency hopping.
Power-level control.
Discontinuous transmission and reception.
Timing advance.

Handoff
The user movements may result a change in the channel/cell, when the quality of the communication is degrading; this is known as handoff. Handoffs occur between:

between channels within a cell
between cells controlled by the same BSC
between cells under the same MSC but controlled by different BSCs
between cells controlled by different MSCs.

Handoffs are mainly controlled by the MSC. However to avoid unnecessary signalling, the first two types of handoffs are managed by the respective BSC (thus, the MSC is only notified of the handoff). To perform the handoff the mobile station controls continuously its own signal strengh and the signal strengh of the neighboring cells. The list of cells that must be monitored by the mobile station is given by the base station. Power measurements allow to decide which is the best cell in order to maintain the quality of the communication link. Two basic algorithms are used for handoffs:

The `minimum acceptable performance' algorithm. When the quality of the transmission degrades, the power level of the mobile is increased, until the increase of the power level has no effect on the quality of the signal. Upon this link layer hint, a handoff is initiated.

power budget

Mobility Management (MM) The MM component handles:

Location Management: Location is managed through periodicaly or on-demand. At power-on time, the MH signals an IMSI attach. On-demand location updates are signalled when the MN moves to a different PLMN or new location area (LA). The signal is sent to the new MSC/VLR, which forwards it to the subscriber's HLR. Upon authorization in the new MSC/VLR, the subscriber's HLR removes the registration entry of the MN at the old MSC/VLR. If after the update time interval, the MN has not registered, it is then deregistered. On power-off, the MN performs an IMSI detach.
security and authentication: Authentication involves the SIM card and the Authentication Center. A secret key, stored in the SIM card and the AuC together with a ciphering algorithm called A3, are used to authenticate the user. The MN and the AuCcompute a SRES through A3 using the secret key and a nonce generated by the AuC. If the two computed SRES are the same, the subscriber is authenticated. The different services to which the subscriber has access are also checked. Next the a security check is performed in the equipment identity (IMEI). If the IMEI number of the mobile is authorized in the EIR, the mobile station is allowed to connect the network. To assure user confidentiality, the user is registered with a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) after its first location update procedure. Enciphering is another option to guarantee a very strong security.

Communication Management (CM):
The CM component manages:

Call control (CC): it controls call setup, management and tear-down in relation to management of type of service. Call routing is the primary task for this component. To reach a mobile subscriber, a user dials the Mobile Subscriber ISDN (MSISDN) number which includes:

a country code
a national destination code; this identifies the subscriber's operator
a code mapping to the subscriber's HLR.
The call is then passsed to the GMSC (if the call is originated from a fixed network) that 'knows' the HLR corresponding to the particular MSISDN number. The GMSC signals the HLR for call routing information. The HLR requests this information from the subscriber's current VLR. This VLR allocates temporarily a Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) for the call. The MSRN number is the information returned by the HLR to the GMSC. It is latter that routes the call through the MSRN number, to the subscriber's current MSC/VLR. In the subscriber's current LA, the mobile is paged.

Supplementary Services management: This involves the MN and the HLR.

Short Message Service Center through the two following interfaces:

SMS-GMSC for Mobile Terminating Short Messages (SMS-MT/PP). It has the same role as the GMSC.
SMS-IWMSC for Mobile Originating Short Messages (SMS-MO/PP).

Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM):
The OAM component allows the operator to monitor and control the system as well as modify the configuration of the elements of the system. Not only the OSS is part of the OAM, but also the BSS and NSS participate in functions such as:

provide the operator with all the information it needs. This information is forwarded to the OSS to control the network.
perform self-test tasks in addition to the OAM functions.
control of multiple BTSs by the BSS.

Monday, 14 January 2013

Note: This post is not by me.

In the world of Internet and the area of computer networks, you will often come across the term Domain Name System or Domain Name Service which is simply referred to as DNS. The working of DNS forms one of the basic concepts of computer networks whose understanding is very much essential especially if you are planning to get into the field of ethical hacking or network security.

In this post, I will try to explain how Domain Name System works in a very simple and easy to follow manner so that even the readers who do not have any prior knowledge of computer networks should be able to understand the concept.

What is a Domain Name System?

A “Domain Name System” or “Domain Name Service” is a computer network protocol whose job is to map a user friendly domain name such as “Gohacking.com” to its corresponding IP address like “173.245.61.120″.

Every computer on the Internet, be it a web server, home computer or any other network device has a unique IP address allotted to it. This IP address is used to establish connections between the server and the client in order to initiate the transfer of data. Whether you are trying to access a website or sending an email, the DNS plays a very important role here.

For example, when you type “www.google.com” on your browser’s address bar, your computer will make use of the DNS server to fetch the IP address of Google’s server that is “74.125.236.37″. After obtaining the IP address, your computer will then establish a connection with the server only after which you see the Google’s home page loading on your browser. The whole process is called DNS Resolution.

With millions of websites on the Internet, it is impossible for people to remember the IP address of every website in order to access it. Therefore, the concept of domain name was introduced so that every website can be identified by its unique name which makes it easy for people to remember. However, the IP address is still used as the base for internal communication by network devices. This is where the DNS comes in to action that works by resolving the user friendly domain name to its corresponding machine friendly IP address.

In simple words, domain names are for humans while IP addresses are for network devices. The “Domain Name System” is a protocol to establish a link between the two. Hence, it is not a surprise that you can even load a website by directly typing its IP address instead of the domain name in the browser’s address bar (give it a try)!

Types of DNS Servers and their Role:

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed database that resides on multiple computers on the Internet in a hierarchical manner. They include the following types:

Root Name Servers:

The root servers represent the top level of the DNS hierarchy. These are the DNS servers that contain the complete database of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses. Currently, there are 13 root servers distributed globally which are named using the letters A,B,C and so on up to M.

Local Name Servers:

Local servers represent the most lower level DNS servers that are owned and maintained by many business organizations and Internet Service providers (ISPs). These local servers are able to resolve frequently used domain names into their corresponding IP addresses by caching the recent information. This cache is updated and refreshed on a regular basis.

How DNS Server Works?

Whenever you type a URL such as “http://www.gohacking.com” on your browser’s address bar, your computer will send a request to the local name server to resolve the domain name into its corresponding IP address. This request is often referred to as a DNS query. The local name server will receive the query to find out whether it contains the matching name and IP address in its database. If found, the corresponding IP address (response) is returned. If not, the query is automatically passed on to another server that is in the next higher level of DNS hierarchy. This process continues until the query reaches the server that contains the matching name and IP address. The IP address (response) then flows back the chain in the reverse order to your computer.

In rare cases where none of the lower level DNS servers contain the record for a given domain name, the DNS query eventually reaches one of the root name server to obtain the response.

FAQs about Domain Name System:

Here is a list of some of the FAQs about DNS:

How does a “root name server” obtain the information about new domains?

Whenever a new domain name is created or an existing one is updated, it is the responsibility of the domain registrar to publish the details and register it with the root name server. Only after this, the information can move down the DNS hierarchy and get updated on the lower level DNS servers.

What is DNS propagation?

Whenever a new domain name is registered or an existing one is updated, the information about the domain must get updated on all the major DNS servers so that the domain can be reached from all parts of the globe. This is called DNS propagation and the whole process can take anywhere from 24 to 72 hours to get completed.

How often the DNS servers are updated to refresh the cache?

There is no specific rule that defines the rate at which DNS servers should be updated. It usually depends on the organization such as the ISP that maintains the server. Most DNS servers are updated on an hourly basis while some may update their databases on a daily basis.

I hope you have now understood the working of DNS in a very convincing manner. Pass your comments and share your opinion.

credit: www.gohacking.com

Sunday, 9 December 2012

127.0.0.1 – What Are its Uses and Why is it Important?

127.0.0.1 is the loopback Internet protocol (IP) address also referred to as the “localhost.” The address is used to establish an IP connection to the same machine or computer being used by the end-user. The same convention is defined for computer’s that support IPv6 addressing using the connotation of ::1. Establishing a connection using the address 127.0.0.1 is the most common practice; however, using any IP address in the range of 127.*.*.* will function in the same or similar manner. The loopback construct gives a computer or device capable of networking the capability to validate or establish the IP stack on the machine.

How Does the Internet Protocol Work?

The Internet Protocol (IP) is a set of rules that ensure there is a standardized method to address and communicate between computers and other network devices. Besides governing the method of addressing, the IP protocol also standardizes the manner or method that data packets are sent to, delivered, and where applicable acknowledged across the Internet and local networks. Internet Protocol version 4 (or IPv4) is the fourth revision of the protocol and is the most widely deployed throughout the world. IETF RFC 791, which was finalized in September of 1981, is the current definition of the protocol. IPv4 is slowly being replaced by IPv6, but it’s adoption is still in infancy. IPv4 is considered to be a connectionless protocol designed to be used on Ethernet-based networks. The protocol does not guarantee delivery, data integrity, or proper data sequencing; instead, relying on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to handle these concerns.

How Does 127.0.0.1 Work?

Establishing a network connection to the 127.0.0.1 loopback address is accomplished in the same manner as establishing one with any remote computer or device on the network. The primary difference is that the connection avoids using the local network interface hardware. System administrators and application developers commonly use 127.0.0.1 to test applications. When establishing an IPv4 connection with 127.0.0.1 will normally be assigned subnet mask 255.0.0.1. If any public switch, router, or gateway receives a packet addressed to the loopback IP address, it is required to drop the packet without logging the information. As a result, if a data packet is delivered outside of the localhost, by design it will not accidently arrive at a computer which will try to answer it. This aspect of the loopback helps ensure network security is maintained, since most computers will answer packets addressed to their respective loopback address which may also unexpectedly activate other services on a machine by responding to a stray data packet.

What is the Domain Name System?

Human beings are not able to easily remember IP addresses or number well. Plain language web addresses; however, are much easier to use, but require a method to resolve to the actual address of the remote computer or server. As a result, the Domain Name System (DNS), was developed to help direct local and Internet traffic to the appropriate destination by performing real-time look-ups of Internet address with other DNS servers located on the Internet. Before a local computer will send a DNS request to the DNS server for the local network; however, it will perform a check of the locally stored Hosts file first to save time and network resources. The hosts file contains pairings of IP addresses along with one or more host names and is updated frequently based on predefined conditions on the local computer. Before the invention of DNS, there was a single Hosts file that was shared across the network. This was found to not pass the test of scalability; however, when multiple networks started to get connected together which resulted in the development of the DNS system in use today.

How is 127.0.0.1 Used in the Hosts File?

Whenever a computer user tries to access a website or remote computer by name, the computer checks the locally stored Hosts file for domain name resolution before sending a request to the Domain Name Server (DNS). The 127.0.0.1 IP address is commonly found in the Hosts file on computers assigned to the plain English address, “localhost.” It is also used by computer malware to assign legitimate websites to the localhost to prevent the end-user from seeking legitimate computer security assistance with malware infection. This type of change has most commonly been associated with many of the computer scareware packages that have been deployed across the Internet through maliciously infected websites, Trojan horse viruses, and infected email attachments. Some computer administrators, and interested students, can modify the hosts file to prevent access to undesirable websites; however, is not the preferred method as the end-user (or administrator) now becomes responsible for removing the entry when required.

Examples of host file entries:

127.0.0.1 localhost

127.0.0.1 www.SiteYouWantToRouteToLocalHost.com

127.0.0.1 SiteYouWantToRouteToLocalHost.com

What is a Special Use IP Address?

A special use IP address is one that has been assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and is reserved for a specific reason or purpose. The IANA’s authority to delineate these addresses comes from the IETF to make assignments in support of the Internet Standards Process. The IANA defines special use IP addresses for IPv4 in RFC 3330: Special-Use IPv4 Addresses and for IPV6 in RFC 3513: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) . RFC 3330 was the first specification to collect the various one-off definitions for special use IP addresses such as 127.0.0.1 that had been defined over the years in a central location. Based on these lessons learned, all of the special user IPv6 addresses were included in RFC 3513 from the beginning. The IANA does state in RFC 3330 that the Internet does not protect against the abuse of special IP addresses such as 127.0.0.1. The organization also goes on to recommend that if all data packets from a reserved address are assumed to have originated from the same computer’s subnet that all border routers should filter reserved packets that do not originate from the same device since there have been instances of attacks mounted based on the use of one or more of these special addresses.

Special IP Address Summary Table

Address Block Present Use

0.0.0.0/8 ”This” Network

10.0.0.0/8 Private-Use Networks

14.0.0.0/8 Public-Data Networks

24.0.0.0/8 Cable Television Networks

39.0.0.0/8 Reserved, subject to allocation

127.0.0.0/8 Loopback

128.0.0.0/16 Reserved, subject to allocation

169.254.0.0/16 Link Local

172.16.0.0/12 Private-Use Networks

191.255.0.0/16 Reserved, subject to allocation

192.0.0.0/24 Reserved but subject to allocation

192.0.2.0/24 Test-Net

192.88.99.0/24 6to4 Relay Anycast

192.168.0.0/16 Private-Use Networks

198.18.0.0/15 Network Interconnect Device Benchmark Testing

223.255.255.0/24 Reserved, subject to allocation

224.0.0.0/4 Multicast, commonly used in multiplayer simulations and gaming and for video distribution.

240.0.0.0/4 Reserved for Future Use

What Are the Common Uses for 127.0.0.1?

A common technique to verify that a computer’s networking equipment, operating system, and TCP/IP implementation are working correctly is to send a ping request to 127.0.0.1. Based on the results of the test, administrators or computer users can troubleshoot network connectivity issues. Application developers also make use of the loopback address to test basic network functionality when developing a program or application component prior to going “live” on a network or the Internet with testing or deployment.

Some of the “lighter” uses of the loopback address are to trick computer security or computer science students into attempting to crack, probe, or test network speed by using the 127.0.0.1 address. There are also a number of variations on the “World’s Worst Hacker” found across the Internet. In these stories (which at least a few are likely based on true stories), fellow hackers urge “newbies” or a “less-than-knowledgeable” hacker to infect, hack, or conduct a DOS or DDOS attack against the 127.0.0.1 address. In the more humorous stories, the hacker succeeds in infecting or deleting information from his or her own computer to the amusement of those watching.

Where is 127.0.0.1 Defined?

RFC 1700, published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) was the first document to reserve the 127.0.0.0/8 address block for loopback purposes. IETF document, RFC 3330, then further described the usage of the IPv4 address block 127.0.0.0/8 for loopback purposes. These definitions were later updated exclusively through the IANA and continue to be excluded for assignment by Regional Internet Registries or the IANA.

What is IPv6?

As the number of people and devices that use the Internet has grown, the demand for addresses has continued to grow exponentially. Internet Protocol Version 6, IPv6, is the next generation protocol that is designed to ultimately replace IPv4 and is slowly being adopted in education and research circles. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed IPv6 to accommodate the increasing number of devices and users accessing the Internet and to help address some of the fundamental security shortcomings in the IPv4 implementation. IPv6 accommodates a greater number of addresses by using bigger numbers to create IP addresses. Under the IPv4 addressing convention, an address is 32 bits in length that allows for approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses. IPv6; however, uses a 128 bit address that permits up to 340 trillion, trillion IP addresses.

What Are the Advantages of IPv6?

Besides the significant increase in total numbers of IP addresses, IPv6 also offers networking advantages over IPv4. The new protocol allows devices to detect and use services of IPv6 enabled networks without requiring action by the end-user. It also significantly reduces the need for Network Address Translation (NAT) which is used on IPv4 to allow a number of clients to share a single IP address. A number of research projects based on the underlying IPv6 technology are underway as part of the Internet 2 project led by a non-profit U.S. networking consortium comprised of education communities, industry, and government. With more than 280 members, the Internet 2 Network currently connects more than 60,000 institutions and provides a next-generation optical network that can meet high-performance demand requirements for research and education.

What is the Equivalent of 127.0.0.1 in IPv6?

::1 or in longhand, 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 is the loopback address in the IPv6 protocol. The loopback address in IPv6 performs a similar function as in IPv4 by allowing a node to send a data packet to itself. It cannot be assigned to any physical interface on the computer and is considered to have a “link-local” scope. The ::1 address is not allowed to be used as a source address in IPv6 packets that are sent outside of a single node. If they are, an IPv6 router is not allowed to forward the data packet. If a packet with this address is received on an interface, it must also be dropped. The loopback, “unspecified addresses,” and the IPv6 addresses that have embedded IPv4 addresses are assigned out of the 0000 0000 binary prefix space.

Steps to Ping 127.0.0.1

Although pinging the loopback address or 127.0.0.1 can be accomplished using the DOS command prompt or terminal on a MAC OS X computer, it is also built in to many of the network administrator tools available on the market.

Step 1 – Log-in to your computer using an account with administrator permissions.

Step 2 – Open the “DOS” prompt by selecting the “Start” button and typing “CMD” into the search text field. In Mac OS X, select the “Finder” located in the computer’s “Dock” and click on the “Utilities” menu option. Then, double click the “Network Utility” application icon.

Step 3 – In Windows, enter “ping 127.0.0.1” at the DOS command prompt followed by pressing the “Enter” key. On a Mac, select the “Ping” menu tab and enter “127.0.0.1” in the field provided. Then press the “Ping” menu button.

Step 4 – View the results displayed on the screen. The data displayed will include the number of data packets sent, received, lost, and the approximate round trip time of the data transmission. Results on a Windows computer will look similar to:

Pinging 127.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Ping statistics for 127.0.0.1:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

Friday, 2 November 2012

Here are the codes:

*2767*688# = Unlocking Code

*#8999*8378# = All in one Code

*#4777*8665# = GPRS Tool

*#8999*523# = LCD Brightness

*#8999*3825523# = External Display

*#8999*377# = Errors

#*5737425# = JAVA Something{I choose 2 and it chrashed}]

*#2255# = Call List

#*536961# = Java Status Code

#*536962# = Java Status Code

#*536963# = Java Status Code

#*53696# = Java Status Code

#*1200# = AFC DAC Val

#*1300# = IMEI

#*1400# = IMSI

#*2562# = ??? White for 15 secs than restarts.

#*2565# = ChAeck Blocking

#*3353# = Check Code

#*3837# = ??? White for 15 secs than restarts.

#*3849# = ??? White for 15 secs than restarts.

#*3851# = ??? White for 15 secs than restarts.

#*3876# = ??? White for 15 secs than restarts.

#*7222# = Operation Typ (Class C GSM)

#*7224# = I Got !! ERROR !!

#*7252# = Oparation Typ (Class B GPRS)

#*7271# = Multi Slot (Class 1 GPRS)

#*7274# = Multi Slot (Class 4 GPRS)

#*7276# = Dunno

#*7337# = EEPROM Reset (Unlock and Resets Wap Settings)

#*2787# = CRTP ON/OFF

#*3737# = L1 Dbg data

#*5133# = L1 Dbg data

#*7288# = GPRS Attached

#*7287# = GPRS Detached

#*7666# = SrCell Data

#*7693# = Sleep Act/DeAct (Enable or Disable the Black screen after doing nothing for a while)

#*7284# = Class : B,C or GPRS

#*2256# = Calibration Info

#*2286# = Battery Data

#*2527# = GPRS Switching (set to: class 4, class 8, class 9 or class 10)

#*2679# = Copycat feature (Activate or Deactivate)

#*3940# = External loop test 9600 bps

#*4263# = Handsfree mode (Activate or Deactivate)

#*4700# = Half Rate (Activate or Deactivate)

#*7352# = BVMC Reg value

#*8462# = Sleeptime

#*2558# = Time ON

#*3370# = EFR (Activate or Deactivate)

#*3941# = External looptest 115200 bps

#*5176# = L1 Sleep

#*7462# = SIM phase

#*7983# = Voltage/Frequenci (Activate or Deactivate)

#*7986# = Voltage (Activate or Deactivate)

#*8466# = Old time

#*2255# = Call ???

#*5187# = L1C2G trace (Activate or Deactivate)

#*5376# = ??? White for 15 secs than restarts.

#*6837# = Official Software Version

#*7524# = KCGPRS

#*7562# = LOCI GPRS

#*7638# = RLC allways open ended TBF (Activate or Deactivate)

#*7632# = Sleep mode Debug

#*7673# = Sleep mode RESET

#*2337# = Permanent Registration Beep

#*2474# = ???

#*2834# = Audio Path

#*3270# = DCS support (Activate or Deactivate)

#*3282# = Data (Activate or Deactivate)

#*3476# = EGSM (Activate or Deactivate)

#*3676# = Flash volume formated

#*4760# = GSM (Activate or Deactivate)

#*4864# = Dunno doesn’t work on newer versions

#*5171# = L1P1

#*5172# = L1P2

#*5173# = L1P3

#*7326# = Accessory (I got Vibrator)

#*7683# = Sleep variable (

#*7762# = SMS Brearer CS (Activate or Deactivate)

#*8465# = Time in L1

#*9795# = wtls key

#*2252# = Current CAL

#*2836# = AVDDSS Management (Activate or Deactivate)

#*3877# = Dump of SPY trace

#*7728# = RSAV done# (Everything went to standart but nothing was deleted)

#*2677# = ARM State (None or Full Rate)

*#8999*636# = Have no clue what it is, i see 20 lines

*#9999# = Software version

*#8999*8376263# = HW ver, SW ver and Build Date

*#8888# = HW version

*#8377466# = Same HW/SW version thing

*#7465625# = Check the locks

*7465625*638*Code# = Enables Network lock

#7465625*638*Code# = Disables Network lock

*7465625*782*Code# = Enables Subset lock

#7465625*782*Code# = Disables Subset lock

*7465625*77*Code# = Enables SP lock

#7465625*77*Code# = Disables SP lock

*7465625*27*Code# = Enables CP lock

#7465625*27*Code# = Disables CP lock

*7465625*746*Code# = Enables SIM lock

#7465625*746*Code# = Disables SIM lock

*7465625*228# = Activa lock ON

#7465625*228# = Activa lock OFF

*7465625*28638# = Auto Network lock ON

#7465625*28638# = Auto Network lock OFF

*7465625*28782# = Auto subset lock ON

#7465625*28782# = Auto subset lock OFF

*7465625*2877# = Auto SP lock ON

#7465625*2877# = Auto SP lock OFF

*7465625*2827# = Auto CP lock ON

#7465625*2827# = Auto CP lock OFF

*7465625*28746# = Auto SIM lock ON

#7465625*28746# = Auto SIM lock OFF

*2767*3855# = E2P Full Reset [/B]

*2767*2878# = E2P Custom Reset

*2767*927# = E2P Wap Reset

*2767*226372# = E2P Camera Reset

#*6420# = MIC Off

#*6421# = MIC On

#*6422# = MIC Data

#*6428# = MIC Measurement

#*3230# = Trace enable and DCD disable

#*3231# = Trace disable and DCD enable

#*3232# = Current Mode

#7263867# = RAM Dump (On or Off)

*2767*49927# = Germany WAP Settings

*2767*44927# = UK WAP Settings

*2767*31927# = Netherlands WAP Settings

*2767*420927# = Czech WAP Settings

*2767*43927# = Austria WAP Settings

*2767*39927# = Italy WAP Settings

*2767*33927# = France WAP Settings

*2767*351927# = Portugal WAP Settings

*2767*34927# = Spain WAP Settings

*2767*46927# = Sweden WAP Settings

*2767*380927# = Ukraine WAP Settings

*2767*7927# = Russia WAP Settings

*2767*30927# = GREECE WAP Settings

*2767*73738927# = WAP Settings Reset

*2767*49667# = Germany MMS Settings

*2767*44667# = UK MMS Settings

*2767*31667# = Netherlands MMS Settings

*2767*420667# = Czech MMS Settings

*2767*43667# = Austria MMS Settings

*2767*39667# = Italy MMS Settings

*2767*33667# = France MMS Settings

*2767*351667# = Portugal MMS Settings

*2767*34667# = Spain MMS Settings

*2767*46667# = Sweden MMS Settings

*2767*380667# = Ukraine MMS Settings

*2767*7667#. = Russia MMS Settings

*2767*30667# = GREECE MMS Settings

*335# = Delete all MMS Messages

*663867# = Dump Mm file

#*536961# = WAPSAR enable / HTTP disable

#*536962# = WAPSAR disable / HTTP enable

#*536963# = Serial eable / Others disable

#*53696# = Java Download Mode

#*5663351# = Wap Model ID [Your Model]

#*5663352# = Wap Model ID [SEC-SGHXXXX/1.0]

#*566335# = Wap Model ID [SEC-SGHXXXX/1.0]

*2767*66335# = Check on which model it is

*2767*7100# = SEC-SGHS100/1.0

*2767*8200# = SEC-SGHV200/1.0

*2767*7300# = SEC-SGHS300/1.0

Saturday, 29 September 2012

RANGE 6
6.* - Army Information Systems Center

RANGE 7
7.*.*.* Defense Information Systems Agency, VA

RANGE 11
11.*.*.* DoD Intel Information Systems, Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington DC

RANGE 21
21. - US Defense Information Systems Agency

RANGE 22
22.* - Defense Information Systems Agency

RANGE 24
24.198.*.*

RANGE 25
25.*.*.* Royal Signals and Radar Establishment, UK

RANGE 26
26.* - Defense Information Systems Agency

RANGE 29
29.* - Defense Information Systems Agency

RANGE 30
30.* - Defense Information Systems Agency

RANGE 49
49.* - Joint Tactical Command

RANGE 50
50.* - Joint Tactical Command

RANGE 55
55.* - Army National Guard Bureau

RANGE 55
55.* - Army National Guard Bureau

RANGE 62
62.0.0.1 - 62.30.255.255 Do not scan!

RANGE 64
64.70.*.* Do not scan
64.224.* Do not Scan
64.225.* Do not scan
64.226.* Do not scan

RANGE 128
128.37.0.0 Army Yuma Proving Ground
128.38.0.0 Naval Surface Warfare Center
128.43.0.0 Defence Research Establishment-Ottawa
128.47.0.0 Army Communications Electronics Command
128.49.0.0 Naval Ocean Systems Center
128.50.0.0 Department of Defense
128.51.0.0 Department of Defense
128.56.0.0 U.S. Naval Academy
128.60.0.0 Naval Research Laboratory
128.63.0.0 Army Ballistics Research Laboratory
128.80.0.0 Army Communications Electronics Command
128.98.0.0 - 128.98.255.255 Defence Evaluation and Research Agency
128.102.0.0 NASA Ames Research Center
128.149.0.0 NASA Headquarters
128.154.0.0 NASA Wallops Flight Facility
128.155.0.0 NASA Langley Research Center
128.156.0.0 NASA Lewis Network Control Center
128.157.0.0 NASA Johnson Space Center
128.158.0.0 NASA Ames Research Center
128.159.0.0 NASA Ames Research Center
128.160.0.0 Naval Research Laboratory
128.161.0.0 NASA Ames Research Center
128.183.0.0 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
128.190.0.0 Army Belvoir Reasearch and Development Center
128.202.0.0 50th Space Wing
128.216.0.0 MacDill Air Force Base
128.217.0.0 NASA Kennedy Space Center
128.236.0.0 U.S. Air Force Academy

RANGE 129
129.23.0.0 Strategic Defense Initiative Organization
129.29.0.0 United States Military Academy
129.50.0.0 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
129.51.0.0 Patrick Air Force Base
129.52.0.0 Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
129.53.0.0 - 129.53.255.255 66SPTG-SCB
129.54.0.0 Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA
129.92.0.0 Air Force Institute of Technology
129.99.0.0 NASA Ames Research Center
129.131.0.0 Naval Weapons Center
129.139.0.0 Army Armament Research Development and Engineering Center
129.141.0.0 85 MISSION SUPPORT SQUADRON/SCSN
129.163.0.0 NASA/Johnson Space Center
129.164.0.0 NASA IVV
129.165.0.0 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
129.166.0.0 NASA - John F. Kennedy Space Center
129.167.0.0 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
129.168.0.0 NASA Lewis Research Center
129.190.0.0 Naval Underwater Systems Center
129.198.0.0 Air Force Flight Test Center
129.209.0.0 Army Ballistics Research Laboratory
129.229.0.0 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
129.251.0.0 United States Air Force Academy

RANGE 130
130.40.0.0 NASA Johnson Space Center
130.90.0.0 Mather Air Force Base
130.109.0.0 Naval Coastal Systems Center
130.114.0.0 Army Aberdeen Proving Ground Installation Support Activity
130.124.0.0 Honeywell Defense Systems Group
130.165.0.0 U.S.Army Corps of Engineers
130.167.0.0 NASA Headquarters

RANGE 131
131.3.0.0 - 131.3.255.255 Mather Air Force Base
131.6.0.0 Langley Air Force Base
131.10.0.0 Barksdale Air Force Base
131.17.0.0 Sheppard Air Force Base
131.21.0.0 Hahn Air Base
131.22.0.0 Keesler Air Force Base
131.24.0.0 6 Communications Squadron
131.25.0.0 Patrick Air Force Base
131.27.0.0 75 ABW
131.30.0.0 62 CS/SCSNT
131.32.0.0 37 Communications Squadron
131.35.0.0 Fairchild Air Force Base
131.36.0.0 Yokota Air Base
131.37.0.0 Elmendorf Air Force Base
131.38.0.0 Hickam Air Force Base
131.39.0.0 354CS/SCSN
131.40.0.0 Bergstrom Air Force Base
131.44.0.0 Randolph Air Force Base
131.46.0.0 20 Communications Squadron
131.47.0.0 Andersen Air Force Base
131.50.0.0 Davis-Monthan Air Force Base
131.52.0.0 56 Communications Squadron /SCBB
131.54.0.0 Air Force Concentrator Network
131.56.0.0 Upper Heyford Air Force Base
131.58.0.0 Alconbury Royal Air Force Base
131.59.0.0 7 Communications Squadron
131.61.0.0 McConnell Air Force Base
131.62.0.0 Norton Air Force Base
131.71.0.0 - 131.71.255.255 NAVAL AVIATION DEPOT CHERRY PO
131.74.0.0 Defense MegaCenter Columbus
131.84.0.0 Defense Technical Information Center
131.92.0.0 Army Information Systems Command - Aberdeen (EA)
131.105.0.0 McClellan Air Force Base
131.110.0.0 NASA/Michoud Assembly Facility
131.120.0.0 Naval Postgraduate School
131.121.0.0 United States Naval Academy
131.122.0.0 United States Naval Academy
131.176.0.0 European Space Operations Center
131.182.0.0 NASA Headquarters
131.250.0.0 Office of the Chief of Naval Research

RANGE 132
132.3.0.0 Williams Air Force Base
132.5.0.0 - 132.5.255.255 49th Fighter Wing
132.6.0.0 Ankara Air Station
132.7.0.0 - 132.7.255.255 SSG/SINO
132.9.0.0 28th Bomb Wing
132.10.0.0 319 Comm Sq
132.11.0.0 Hellenikon Air Base
132.12.0.0 Myrtle Beach Air Force Base
132.13.0.0 Bentwaters Royal Air Force Base
132.14.0.0 Air Force Concentrator Network
132.15.0.0 Kadena Air Base
132.16.0.0 Kunsan Air Base
132.17.0.0 Lindsey Air Station
132.18.0.0 McGuire Air Force Base
132.19.0.0 100CS (NET-MILDENHALL)
132.20.0.0 35th Communications Squadron
132.21.0.0 Plattsburgh Air Force Base
132.22.0.0 23Communications Sq
132.24.0.0 Dover Air Force Base
132.25.0.0 786 CS/SCBM
132.27.0.0 - 132.27.255.255 39CS/SCBBN
132.28.0.0 14TH COMMUNICATION SQUADRON
132.30.0.0 Lajes Air Force Base
132.31.0.0 Loring Air Force Base
132.33.0.0 60CS/SCSNM
132.34.0.0 Cannon Air Force Base
132.35.0.0 Altus Air Force Base
132.37.0.0 75 ABW
132.38.0.0 Goodfellow AFB
132.39.0.0 K.I. Sawyer Air Force Base
132.40.0.0 347 COMMUNICATION SQUADRON
132.42.0.0 Spangdahlem Air Force Base
132.43.0.0 Zweibruchen Air Force Base
132.45.0.0 Chanute Air Force Base
132.46.0.0 Columbus Air Force Base
132.48.0.0 Laughlin Air Force Base
132.49.0.0 366CS/SCSN
132.50.0.0 Reese Air Force Base
132.52.0.0 Vance Air Force Base
132.54.0.0 Langley AFB
132.55.0.0 Torrejon Air Force Base
132.56.0.0 - 132.56.255.255 9 CS/SC
132.57.0.0 Castle Air Force Base
132.58.0.0 Nellis Air Force Base
132.59.0.0 24Comm SquadronSCSNA
132.60.0.0 - 132.60.255.255 42ND COMMUNICATION SQUADRON
132.61.0.0 SSG/SIN
132.62.0.0 - 132.62.255.255 377 COMMUNICATION SQUADRON
132.79.0.0 Army National Guard Bureau
132.80.0.0 - 132.80.255.255 NGB-AIS-OS
132.80.0.0 - 132.85.255.255 National Guard Bureau
132.82.0.0 Army National Guard Bureau
132.86.0.0 National Guard Bureau
132.87.0.0 - 132.93.255.255 National Guard Bureau
132.94.0.0 Army National Guard Bureau
132.95.0.0 - 132.103.255.255 National Guard Bureau
132.95.0.0 - 132.108.0.0 DOD Network Information Center
132.104.0.0 - 132.104.255.255 Army National Guard Bureau
132.105.0.0 - 132.108.255.255 Army National Guard Bureau
132.109.0.0 National Guard Bureau
132.110.0.0 - 132.116.255.255 Army National Guard Bureau
132.114.0.0 Army National Guard
132.117.0.0 Army National Guard Bureau
132.118.0.0 - 132.132.0.0 Army National Guard Bureau
132.122.0.0 South Carolina Army National Guard, USPFO
132.133.0.0 National Guard Bureau
132.134.0.0 - 132.143.255.255 National Guard Bureau
132.159.0.0 Army Information Systems Command
132.193.0.0 Army Research Office
132.250.0.0 Naval Research Laboratory

RANGE 134
134.5.0.0 Lockheed Aeronautical Systems Company
134.11.0.0 The Pentagon
134.12.0.0 NASA Ames Research Center
134.51.0.0 Boeing Military Aircraft Facility
134.52.*.* Boeing Corporation
134.78.0.0 Army Information Systems Command-ATCOM
134.80.0.0 Army Information Systems Command
134.118.0.0 NASA/Johnson Space Center
134.131.0.0 Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
134.136.0.0 Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
134.164.0.0 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station
134.165.0.0 Headquarters Air Force Space Command
134.194.0.0 U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Center
134.205.0.0 7th Communications Group
134.207.0.0 Naval Research Laboratory
134.229.0.0 Navy Regional Data Automation Center
134.230.0.0 Navy Regional Data Automation Center
134.232.0.0 - 134.232.255.255 U.S. Army, Europe
134.233.0.0 HQ 5th Signal Command
134.234.0.0 - 134.234.255.255 Southern European Task Force
134.235.0.0 HQ 5th Signal Command
134.240.0.0 U.S. Military Academy
136.149.0.0 Air Force Military Personnel Center

RANGE 136
136.178.0.0 NASA Research Network
136.188.0.0 - 136.197.255.255 Defense Intelligence Agency
136.207.0.0 69th Signal Battalion
136.208.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
136.209.0.0 HQ 5th Signal Command
136.210.0.0 HQ 5th Signal Command
136.212.0.0 HQ 5th Signal Command
136.213.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
136.214.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
136.215.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
136.216.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
136.217.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
136.218.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
136.219.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
136.220.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
136.221.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
136.222.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command

RANGE 137
137.1.0.0 Whiteman Air Force Base
137.2.0.0 George Air Force Base
137.3.0.0 Little Rock Air Force Base
137.4.0.0 - 137.4.255.255 437 CS/SC
137.5.0.0 Air Force Concentrator Network
137.6.0.0 Air Force Concentrator Network
137.11.0.0 HQ AFSPC/SCNNC
137.12.0.0 Air Force Concentrator Network
137.17.* National Aerospace Laboratory
137.24.0.0 Naval Surface Warfare Center
137.29.0.0 First Special Operations Command
137.67.0.0 Naval Warfare Assessment Center
137.94.* Royal Military College
137.95.* Headquarters, U.S. European Command
137.126.0.0 USAF MARS
137.127.* Army Concepts Analysis Agency
137.128.* U.S. ARMY Tank-Automotive Command
137.130.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
137.209.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
137.210.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
137.211.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
137.212.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
137.231.0.0 HQ 5th Signal Command
137.232.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
137.233.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
137.234.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
137.235.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
137.240.0.0 Air Force Materiel Command
137.241.0.0 75 ABW
137.242.0.0 Air Force Logistics Command
137.243.0.0 77 CS/SCCN
137.244.0.0 78 CS/SCSC
137.245.0.0 Wright Patterson Air Force Base
137.246.0.0 United States Atlantic Command Joint Training

RANGE 138
138.13.0.0 Air Force Systems Command
138.27.0.0 Army Information Systems Command
138.50.0.0 HQ 5th Signal Command
138.65.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
138.76.0.0 NASA Headquarters
138.109.0.0 Naval Surface Warfare Center
138.115.0.0 NASA Information and Electronic Systems Laboratory
138.135.0.0 - 138.135.255.255 DEFENSE PROCESSING CENTERPERAL HARBOR
138.136.0.0 - 138.136.255.255 Navy Computers and Telecommunications Station
138.137.0.0 Navy Regional Data Automation Center (NARDAC)
138.139.0.0 Marine Corps Air Station
138.140.0.0 Navy Regional Data Automation Center
138.141.0.0 Navy Regional Data Automation Center
138.142.0.0 Navy Regional Data Automation Center
138.143.0.0 Navy Regional Data Automation Center
138.144.0.0 NAVCOMTELCOM
138.145.0.0 NCTS WASHINGTON
138.146.0.0 NCTC
138.147.0.0 NCTC
138.148.0.0 NCTC
138.149.0.0 NCTC
138.150.0.0 NCTC
138.151.0.0 NCTC
138.152.0.0 NCTC
138.153.0.0 Yokosuka Naval Base
138.154.0.0 NCTC
138.155.0.0 NCTC
138.156.0.0 Marine Corps Central Design & Prog. Activity
138.157.0.0 - 138.157.255.255 Marine Corps Central Design & Prog. Activity
138.158.0.0 Marine Corps Central Design & Prog. Activity
138.159.0.0 NCTC
138.160.0.0 Naval Air Station
138.161.0.0 NCTC
138.162.0.0 NCTC
138.163.0.0 NCTC
138.164.0.0 NCTC
138.165.0.0 NCTC
138.166.0.0 NCTC
138.167.0.0 NOC, MCTSSA, East
138.168.0.0 Marine Corps Central Design & Prog. Activity
138.169.0.0 NAVAL COMPUTER AND TELECOMM
138.169.12.0 NAVAL COMPUTER AND TELECOMM
138.169.13.0 NAVAL COMPUTER AND TELECOMM
138.170.0.0 NCTC
138.171.0.0 NCTC
138.172.0.0 NCTC
138.173.0.0 NCTC
138.174.0.0 NCTC
138.175.0.0 NCTC
138.176.0.0 NCTC
138.177.0.0 NCTS Pensacola
138.178.0.0 NCTC
138.179.0.0 NCTC
138.180.0.0 NCTC
138.181.0.0 NCTC
138.182.0.0 CNO N60
138.183.0.0 NCTC
138.184.0.0 NCTS
138.193.0.0 NASA/Yellow Creek

RANGE 139
139.31.0.0 20th Tactical Fighter Wing
139.32.0.0 48th Tactical Fighter Wing
139.33.0.0 36th Tactical Fighter Wing
139.34.0.0 52nd Tactical Fighter Wing
139.35.0.0 50th Tactical Fighter Wing
139.36.0.0 66th Electronic Combat Wing
139.37.0.0 26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing
139.38.0.0 32nd Tactical Fighter Squadron
139.39.0.0 81st Tactical Fighter Wing
139.40.0.0 10th Tactical Fighter Wing
139.41.0.0 39th Tactical Air Control Group
139.42.0.0 40th Tactical Air Control Group
139.43.0.0 401st Tactical Fighter Wing
139.124.* Reseau Infomratique
139.142.*.*

RANGE 140
140.1.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.3.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.4.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.5.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.6.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.7.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.8.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.9.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.10.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.11.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.12.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.13.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.14.0.0 DISA Columbus Level II NOC
140.15.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.16.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.17.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.18.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.19.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.20.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.21.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.22.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.23.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.24.0.0 ASIC ALLIANCE-MARLBORO
140.25.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.26.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.27.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.28.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.29.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.30.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.31.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.32.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.33.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.34.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.35.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.36.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.37.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.38.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.39.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.40.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.41.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.42.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.43.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.44.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.45.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.46.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.47.0.0 - 140.47.255.255 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.47.0.0 - 140.48.255.255 DOD Network Information Center
140.48.0.0 - 140.48.255.255 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.49.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.50.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.51.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.52.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.53.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.54.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.55.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.56.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.57.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.58.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.59.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.60.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.61.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.62.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.63.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.64.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.65.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.66.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.67.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.68.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.69.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.70.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.71.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.72.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.73.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.74.0.0 - 140.74.255.255 Defense Information Systems Agency
140.100.0.0 Naval Sea Systems Command
140.139.0.0 HQ US Army Medical Research and Development Command
140.154.0.0 HQ 5th Signal Command
140.155.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
140.156.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
140.175.0.0 Scott Air Force Base
140.178.0.0 Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Keyport
140.187.0.0 Fort Bragg
140.194.0.0 US Army Corps of Engineers
140.195.0.0 Naval Sea Systems Command
140.199.0.0 Naval Ocean Systems Center
140.201.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
140.202.0.0 106TH SIGNAL BRIGADE

RANGE 143
143.45.0.0 58th Signal Battalion
143.46.0.0 U.S. Army, 1141st Signal Battalion
143.68.0.0 Headquarters, USAISC
143.69.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.70.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.71.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.72.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.73.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.74.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.75.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.76.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.77.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.78.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.79.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.80.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.81.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.82.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.84.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.85.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.86.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.87.0.0 Headquarters, USAAISC
143.232.0.0 NASA Ames Research Center

RANGE 144
144.99.0.0 United States Army Information Systems Command
144.109.0.0 Army Information Systems Command
144.143.0.0 Headquarters, Third United States Army
144.144.0.0 Headquarters, Third United States Army
144.146.0.0 Commander, Army Information Systems Center
144.147.0.0 Commander, Army Information Systems Center
144.170.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
144.192.0.0 United States Army Information Services Command-Campbell
144.233.0.0 Defense Intelligence Agency
144.234.0.0 Defense Intelligence Agency
144.235.0.0 Defense Intelligence Agency
144.236.0.0 Defense Intelligence Agency
144.237.0.0 Defense Intelligence Agency
144.238.0.0 Defense Intelligence Agency
144.239.0.0 Defense Intelligence Agency
144.240.0.0 Defense Intelligence Agency
144.241.0.0 Defense Intelligence Agency
144.242.0.0 Defense Intelligence Agency
144.252.0.0 U.S. Army LABCOM

RANGE 146
146.17.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
146.80.0.0 Defence Research Agency
146.98.0.0 HQ United States European Command
146.154.0.0 NASA/Johnson Space Center
146.165.0.0 NASA Langley Research Center

RANGE 147
147.35.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
147.36.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
147.37.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
147.38.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
147.39.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
147.40.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
147.42.0.0 Army CALS Project
147.103.0.0 Army Information Systems Software Center
147.104.0.0 Army Information Systems Software Center
147.159.0.0 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division
147.168.0.0 Naval Surface Warfare Center
147.169.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
147.198.0.0 Army Information Systems Command
147.199.0.0 Army Information Systems Command
147.238.0.0 Army Information Systems Command
147.239.0.0 1112th Signal Battalion
147.240.0.0 US Army Tank-Automotive Command
147.242.0.0 19th Support Command
147.248.0.0 Fort Monroe DOIM
147.254.0.0 7th Communications Group

RANGE 148
148.114.0.0 NASA, Stennis Space Center

RANGE 150
150.113.0.0 1114th Signal Battalion
150.114.0.0 1114th Signal Battalion
150.125.0.0 Space and Naval Warfare Command
150.133.0.0 10th Area Support Group
150.144.0.0 NASA Goodard Space Flight Center
150.149.0.0 Army Information Systems Command
150.157.0.0 USAISC-Fort Lee
150.184.0.0 Fort Monroe DOIM
150.190.0.0 USAISC-Letterkenny
150.196.0.0 USAISC-LABCOM

RANGE 152
152.82.0.0 7th Communications Group of the Air Force
152.151.0.0 U.S. Naval Space & Naval Warfare Systems Command
152.152.0.0 NATO Headquarters
152.154.0.0 Defense Information Systems Agency
152.229.0.0 Defense MegaCenter (DMC) Denver

RANGE 153
153.21.0.0 USCENTAF/SCM
153.22.0.0 USCENTAF/SCM
153.23.0.0 USCENTAF/SCM
153.24.0.0 USCENTAF/SCM
153.25.0.0 USCENTAF/SCM
153.26.0.0 USCENTAF/SCM
153.27.0.0 USCENTAF/SCM
153.28.0.0 USCENTAF/SCM
153.29.0.0 USCENTAF/SCM
153.30.0.0 USCENTAF/SCM
153.31.0.0 Federal Bureau of Investigation

RANGE 155
155.5.0.0 1141st Signal Bn
155.6.0.0 1141st Signal Bn
155.7.0.0 American Forces Information
155.8.0.0 U.S. ArmyFort Gordon
155.9.0.0 - 155.9.255.255 United States Army Information Systems Command
155.74.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.75.0.0 US Army Corps of Engineers
155.76.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.77.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.78.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.79.0.0 US Army Corps of Engineers
155.80.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.81.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.82.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.83.0.0 US Army Corps of Enginers
155.84.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.85.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.86.0.0 US Army Corps of Engineers
155.87.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.88.0.0 PEO STAMIS
155.96.0.0 Drug Enforcement Administration
155.149.0.0 1112th Signal Battalion
155.155.0.0 HQ, 5th Signal Command
155.178.0.0 Federal Aviation Administration
155.213.0.0 USAISC Fort Benning
155.214.0.0 Director of Information Management
155.215.0.0 USAISC-FT DRUM
155.216.0.0 TCACCIS Project Management Office
155.217.0.0 Directorate of Information Management
155.218.0.0 USAISC
155.219.0.0 DOIM/USAISC Fort Sill
155.220.0.0 USAISC-DOIM
155.221.0.0 USAISC-Ft Ord

RANGE 156
156.9.0.0 U. S. Marshals Service

RANGE 157
157.150.0.0 United Nations
157.153.0.0 COMMANDER NAVAL SURFACE U.S. PACIFIC FLEET
157.202.0.0 US Special Operations Command
157.217.0.0 U. S. Strategic Command

RANGE 158
158.1.0.0 Commander, Tooele Army Depot
158.2.0.0 USAMC Logistics Support Activity
158.3.0.0 U.S. Army TACOM
158.4.0.0 UASISC Ft. Carson
158.5.0.0 1112th Signal Battalion
158.6.0.0 USAISC-Ft. McCoy
158.7.0.0 USAISC-FLW
158.8.0.0 US Army Soldier Support Center
158.9.0.0 USAISC-CECOM
158.10.0.0 GOC
158.11.0.0 UASISC-Vint Hill
158.12.0.0 US Army Harry Diamond Laboratories
158.13.0.0 USAISC DOIM
158.14.0.0 1112th Signal Battalion
158.15.0.0 - 158.15.255.255 Defense Megacenter Huntsville
158.16.0.0 Rocky Mountain Arsenal (PMRMA)
158.17.0.0 Crane Army Ammunition Activity
158.18.0.0 Defense Finance & Accounting Service Center
158.19.0.0 DOIM
158.20.0.0 DOIM
158.235.0.0 Marine Corps Central Design and Programming Activity
158.243.0.0 Marine Corps Central Design and Programming Activity
158.244.0.0 Marine Corps Central Design and Programming Activity
158.245.0.0 Marine Corps Central Design and Programming Activity
158.246.0.0 Marine Corps Central Design and Programming Activity

RANGE 159
159.120.0.0 Naval Air Systems Command (Air 4114)

RANGE 160
160.132.0.0 US Army Recruiting Command
160.135.0.0 36th Signal BN
160.138.0.0 USAISC
160.139.0.0 USAISC
160.140.0.0 HQ, United States Army
160.143.0.0 USAISC
160.145.0.0 1101st Signal Brigade
160.146.0.0 USAISC SATCOMSTA-CAMP ROBERTS
160.150.0.0 Commander, Moncrief Army Hospital

RANGE 161
161.124.0.0 NAVAL WEAPONS STATION

RANGE 162
162.32.0.0 Naval Aviation Depot Pensacola
162.45.0.0 Central Intelligence Agency
162.46.0.0 Central Intelligence Agency

RANGE 163
163.205.0.0 NASA Kennedy Space Center
163.206.0.0 NASA Kennedy Space Center

RANGE 164
164.45.0.0 Naval Ordnance Center, Pacific Division
164.49.0.0 United States Army Space and Strategic Defense
164.158.0.0 Naval Surface Warfare Center
164.217.0.0 Institute for Defense Analyses
164.218.0.0 Bureau of Naval Personnel
164.219.0.0 HQ USAFE WARRIOR PREPARATION CENTER
164.220.0.0 - 164.220.255.255 NIMIP/TIP/NEWNET
164.221.0.0 - 164.221.255.255 Information Technology
164.223.0.0 Naval Undersea Warfare Center
164.224.0.0 Secretary of the Navy
164.225.0.0 U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command
164.226.0.0 Naval Exchange Service Command
164.227.0.0 Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division
164.228.0.0 USCINCPAC J21T
164.229.0.0 NCTS-NOLA
164.230.0.0 Naval Aviation Depot
164.231.0.0 Military Sealift Command
164.232.0.0 - 164.232.255.255 United States Southern Command

RANGE 167
167.44.0.0 Government Telecommunications Agency

RANGE 168
168.68.0.0 USDA Office of Operations
168.85.0.0 Fort Sanders Alliance
168.102.0.0 Indiana Purdue Fort Wayne

RANGE 169
169.252.0.0 - 169.253.0.0 U.S. Department of State

RANGE 194

RANGE 195
195.10.* Various - Do not scan

RANGE 199
199.121.4.0 - 199.121.253.0 Naval Air Systems Command, VA

RANGE 203
203.59.0.0 - 203.59.255.255 Perth Australia iiNET

RANGE 204
204.34.0.0 - 204.34.15.0 IPC JAPAN
204.34.0.0 - 204.37.255.0 DOD Network Information Center
204.34.16.0 - 204.34.27.0 Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
204.34.32.0 - 204.34.63.0 USACOM
204.34.64.0 - 204.34.115.0 DEFENSE FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING SERVICE
204.34.128.0 DISA-Eucom / BBN-STD, Inc.
204.34.129.0 Defense Technical Information Center
204.34.130.0 GSI
204.34.131.0 NSA NAPLES ITALY
204.34.132.0 NAVSTA ROTA SPAIN
204.34.133.0 NAS SIGONELLA ITALY
204.34.134.0 Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division
204.34.135.0 GSI
204.34.136.0 Naval Undersea Warfare Center USRD - Orlando
204.34.137.0 Joint Spectrum Center
204.34.138.0 GSI
204.34.139.0 HQ, JFMO Korea, Headquarters
204.34.140.0 DISA D75
204.34.141.0 U. S. Naval Air Facility, Atsugi Japan
204.34.142.0 Naval Enlisted Personnel Management Center
204.34.143.0 Afloat Training Group Pacific
204.34.144.0 HQ Special Operations Command - Europe
204.34.145.0 Commander Naval Base Pearl Harbor
204.34.147.0 NAVSEA Information Management Improvement Program
204.34.148.0 Q112
204.34.149.0 Ctr. for Info. Sys.Security,CounterMeasures
204.34.150.0 Resource Consultants, Inc.
204.34.151.0 Personnel Support Activity, San Diego
204.34.152.0 NAVAL AIR FACILITY, ADAK
204.34.153.0 NAVSEA Logistics Command Detachment
204.34.154.0 PEARL HARBOR NAVAL SHIPYARD
204.34.155.0 PEARL HARBOR NAVAL SHIPYARD
204.34.156.0 Defense Photography School
204.34.157.0 - 204.34.160.0 Defense Information School
204.34.161.0 Naval Air Systems Command
204.34.162.0 Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
204.34.163.0 Joint Precision Strike Demonstration
204.34.164.0 Naval Pacific Meteorology and Ocean
204.34.165.0 Joint Precision Strike Demonstration
204.34.167.0 USAF
204.34.168.0 Commander
204.34.169.0 Naval Air Warfare Center
204.34.170.0 Naval Air Systems Command
204.34.171.0 NAVSTA SUPPLY DEPARTMENT
204.34.173.0 SUBMEPP Activity
204.34.174.0 COMMANDER TASK FORCE 74 YOKOSUKA JAPAN
204.34.176.0 DISA-PAC,IPC-GUAM
204.34.177.0 Satellite Production Test Center
204.34.181.0 940 Air Refueling Wing
204.34.182.0 Defense Megacenter Warner Robins
204.34.183.0 GCCS Support Facility
204.34.184.0 Nav Air Tech Serv Facility-Detachment
204.34.185.0 NAVAL SUPPORT FACILITY, DIEGO GARCIA
204.34.186.0 Defense Logistics Agency - Europe
204.34.187.0 NAVMASSO
204.34.188.0 Commander-In-Chief, US Pacific Fleet
204.34.189.0 Defense MegaCenter - St Louis
204.34.190.0 NAVMASSO
204.34.192.0 HQ SOCEUR
204.34.193.0 Second Marine Expeditionary Force
204.34.194.0 Second Marine Expeditionary Force
204.34.195.0 Second Marine Expeditionary Force
204.34.196.0 NAVCOMTELSTAWASHDC
204.34.197.0 INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY CENTER
204.34.198.0 Naval Observatory Detachment, Colorado
204.34.199.0 NAVILCODETMECH
204.34.200.0 Navy Environmental Preventive Medicine
204.34.201.0 Port Hueneme Division, Naval Surf
204.34.202.0 Naval Facilities Engineering Housing
204.34.203.0 NAVSEA Logistics Command Detachment
204.34.204.0 Naval Air Warfare Center
204.34.205.0 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
204.34.206.0 INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY CENTER
204.34.208.0 - 204.34.210.0 Military Sealift Command Pacific
204.34.211.0 USAF Academy
204.34.212.0 3rd Combat Service Support
204.34.213.0 1st Radio Battalion
204.34.214.0 OASD (Health Affairs)
204.34.215.0 Second Marine Expeditionary Force
204.34.216.0 1st Marine Air Wing
204.34.217.0 SA-ALC/LTE
204.34.218.0 3rd Marine
204.34.219.0 Communications and Electronics
204.34.220.0 G-6 Operations
204.34.221.0 G-6 Operations
204.34.222.0 G-6 Operations
204.34.223.0 G-6 Operations
204.34.224.0 G-6 Operations
204.34.225.0 Joint Interoperability Test Command
204.34.226.0 NAVMASSO
204.34.227.0 NAVMASSO
204.34.228.0 - 204.34.228.255 Field Command Defense Nuclear Agency
204.34.229.0 Naval Space Command
204.34.230.0 Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography
204.34.232.0 Military Family Housing
204.34.233.0 - 204.34.233.255 Navy Material Transportation Office
204.34.234.0 NAVMASSO
204.34.235.0 Defense Finance and Accounting Service
204.34.237.0 European Stars and Stripes
204.34.238.0 Pacific Stars and Stripes
204.34.239.0 PUGET SOUND NAVAL SHIPYARD
204.34.240.0 Nval Station, Guantanamo Bay
204.34.242.0 COMNAVSURFPAC
204.34.243.0 NAVMASSO
204.34.244.0 Amphibious Force, Seventh Fleet, U. S. Navy
204.34.245.0 USAF SpaceCommand
204.34.246.0 USAF
204.34.247.0 U.S. Army Special Operations Command
204.34.248.0 FLEET COMBAT TRAINING CENTER ATLA
204.34.249.0 Naval Aviation Depot North Island
204.34.250.0 NAVMASSO
204.34.251.0 NAVSEA Log Command Detachment Pacific
204.34.252.0 Command Special Boat Squadron One
204.34.253.0 AFPCA/GNNN
204.34.254.0 Navy Environmental Preventive Medicine

RANGE 205
205.0.0.0 - 205.117.255.0 Department of the Navy, Space and Naval Warfare System Command, Washington DC - SPAWAR
205.96.* - 205.103.*

RANGE 207
207.30.* Sprint/United Telephone of Florida

All the below are FBI controlled Linux servers & IPs/IP-Ranges

207.60.0.0 - 207.60.255.0 The Internet Access Company
207.60.2.128 - 207.60.2.255 Abacus Technology
207.60.3.0 - 207.60.3.127 Mass Electric Construction Co.
207.60.3.128 - 207.60.3.255 Peabody Proberties Inc
207.60.4.0 - 207.60.4.127 Northern Electronics
207.60.4.128 - 207.60.4.255 Posternak, Blankstein & Lund
207.60.5.64 - 207.60.5.127 Woodard & Curran
207.60.5.192 - 207.60.5.255 On Line Services
207.60.6.0 - 207.60.6.63 The 400 Group
207.60.6.64 - 207.60.6.127 RD Hunter and Company
207.60.6.128 - 207.60.6.191 Louis Berger and Associates
207.60.6.192 - 207.60.6.255 Ross-Simons
207.60.7.0 - 207.60.7.63 Eastern Cambridge Savings Bank
207.60.7.64 - 207.60.7.127 Greater Lawrence Community Action Committee
207.60.7.128 - 207.60.7.191 Data Electronic Devices, Inc
207.60.8.0 - 207.60.8.255 Sippican
207.60.9.0 - 207.60.9.31 Alps Sportswear Mfg Co
207.60.9.32 - 207.60.9.63 Escher Group Ltd
207.60.9.64 - 207.60.9.95 West Suburban Elder
207.60.9.96 - 207.60.9.127 Central Bank
207.60.9.128 - 207.60.9.159 Danick Systems
207.60.9.160 - 207.60.9.191 Alps Sportswear Mfg CO
207.60.9.192 - 207.60.9.223 BSCC
207.60.13.16 - 207.60.13.23 Patrons Insurance Group
207.60.13.40 - 207.60.13.47 Athera Technologies
207.60.13.48 - 207.60.13.55 Service Edge Partners Inc
207.60.13.56 - 207.60.13.63 Massachusetts Credit Union League
207.60.13.64 - 207.60.13.71 SierraCom
207.60.13.72 - 207.60.13.79 AI/ FOCS
207.60.13.80 - 207.60.13.87 Extreme soft
207.60.13.96 - 207.60.13.103 Eaton Seo Corp
207.60.13.112 - 207.60.13.119 C. White
207.60.13.120 - 207.60.13.127 Athera
207.60.13.128 - 207.60.13.135 Entropic Systems, INC
207.60.13.136 - 207.60.13.143 Wood Product Manufactureds Associates
207.60.13.160 - 207.60.13.167 Jamestown Distribution
207.60.13.168 - 207.60.13.175 C&M Computers
207.60.13.176 - 207.60.13.183 ABC Used Auto Parts
207.60.13.184 - 207.60.13.191 Tomas Weldon
207.60.13.192 - 207.60.13.199 Tage Inns
207.60.13.200 - 207.60.13.207 Control Module Inc
207.60.13.208 - 207.60.13.215 Hyper Crawler Information Systems
207.60.13.216 - 207.60.13.223 Eastern Bearings
207.60.13.224 - 207.60.13.231 North Shore Data Services
207.60.13.232 - 207.60.13.239 Mas New Hampshire
207.60.14.0 - 207.60.14.255 J. A. Webster
207.60.15.0 - 207.60.15.127 Trilogic
207.60.16.0 - 207.60.16.255 Area 54
207.60.18.0 - 207.60.18.63 Vested Development Inc
207.60.18.64 - 207.60.18.127 Conventures
207.60.21.0 - 207.60.21.255 Don Law Company
207.60.22.0 - 207.60.22.255 Advanced Microsensors
207.60.28.0 - 207.60.28.63 Applied Business Center
207.60.28.64 - 207.60.28.127 Color and Design Exchange
207.60.36.8 - 207.60.36.15 Shaun McCusker
207.60.36.16 - 207.60.36.23 Town of Framingham
207.60.36.24 - 207.60.36.31 AB Software
207.60.36.32 - 207.60.36.39 Seabass Dreams Too Much, Inc
207.60.36.40 - 207.60.36.47 Next Ticketing
207.60.36.48 - 207.60.36.55 Dulsi
207.60.36.56 - 207.60.36.63 The Internet Access Company
207.60.36.64 - 207.60.36.71 Maguire Group
207.60.36.72 - 207.60.36.79 Cogenex
207.60.36.88 - 207.60.36.95 AKNDC
207.60.36.96 - 207.60.36.103 McGovern election commitee
207.60.36.104 - 207.60.36.111 Digital Equipment Corp
207.60.36.112 - 207.60.36.119 PTR - Precision Technologies
207.60.36.120 - 207.60.36.127 Extech
207.60.36.128 - 207.60.36.135 Manfreddi Architects
207.60.36.144 - 207.60.36.151 Parent Naffah
207.60.36.152 - 207.60.36.159 Darling Dolls Inc
207.60.36.160 - 207.60.36.167 Wright Communications
207.60.36.168 - 207.60.36.175 Principle Software
207.60.36.176 - 207.60.36.183 Chris Pet Store
207.60.36.184 - 207.60.36.191 Fifteen Lilies
207.60.36.192 - 207.60.36.199 All-Com Technologies
207.60.37.0 - 207.60.37.31 Cardio Thoracic Surgical Associates, P. A.
207.60.37.32 - 207.60.37.63 Preferred Fixtures Inc
207.60.37.64 - 207.60.37.95 Apple and Eve Distributors
207.60.37.96 - 207.60.37.127 Nelson Copy Supply
207.60.37.128 - 207.60.37.159 Boston Optical Fiber
207.60.37.192 - 207.60.37.223 Fantasia&Company
207.60.41.0 - 207.60.41.255 Infoactive
207.60.48.0 - 207.60.48.255 Curry College
207.60.62.32 - 207.60.62.63 Alternate Power Source
207.60.62.64 - 207.60.62.95 Keystone Howley-White
207.60.62.128 - 207.60.62.159 Bridgehead Associates LTD
207.60.62.160 - 207.60.62.191 County Supply
207.60.62.192 - 207.60.62.223 NH Board of Nursing
207.60.64.0 - 207.60.64.63 Diversified Wireless Technologies
207.60.64.64 - 207.60.64.127 Phytera
207.60.66.0 - 207.60.66.15 The Network Connection
207.60.66.16 - 207.60.66.31 Young Refrigeration
207.60.66.32 - 207.60.66.47 Vision Appraisal Technology
207.60.66.48 - 207.60.66.63 EffNet Inc
207.60.66.64 - 207.60.66.79 Entropic Systems Inc
207.60.66.80 - 207.60.66.95 Finley Properties
207.60.66.96 - 207.60.66.111 Nancy Plowman Associates
207.60.66.112 - 207.60.66.127 Northeast Financial Strategies
207.60.66.128 - 207.60.66.143 Textnology Corp
207.60.66.144 - 207.60.66.159 Groton Neochem LLC
207.60.66.160 - 207.60.66.175 Tab Computers
207.60.66.176 - 207.60.66.191 Patrons Insurance
207.60.66.192 - 207.60.66.207 Chair City Web
207.60.66.208 - 207.60.66.223 Radex, Inc.
207.60.66.224 - 207.60.66.239 Robert Austein
207.60.66.240 - 207.60.66.255 Hologic Inc.
207.60.71.64 - 207.60.71.127 K-Tech International Inc.
207.60.71.128 - 207.60.71.191 Pan Communications
207.60.71.192 - 207.60.71.255 New England College of Finance
207.60.75.128 - 207.60.75.255 Absolve Technology
207.60.78.0 - 207.60.78.127 Extech
207.60.78.128 - 207.60.78.255 The Insight Group
207.60.83.0 - 207.60.83.255 JLM Technologies
207.60.84.0 - 207.60.84.255 Strategic Solutions
207.60.94.0 - 207.60.94.15 McWorks
207.60.94.32 - 207.60.94.47 Rooney RealEstate
207.60.94.48 - 207.60.94.63 Joseph Limo Service
207.60.94.64 - 207.60.94.79 The Portico Group
207.60.94.80 - 207.60.94.95 Event Travel Management Inc
207.60.94.96 - 207.60.94.111 Intellitech International
207.60.94.128 - 207.60.94.143 Orion Partners
207.60.94.144 - 207.60.94.159 Rainbow Software Solution
207.60.94.160 - 207.60.94.175 Grason Stadler Inc
207.60.94.192 - 207.60.94.207 Donnegan System
207.60.95.1 - 207.60.95.255 The Iprax Corp
207.60.102.0 - 207.60.102.63 Coporate IT
207.60.102.64 - 207.60.102.127 Putnam Technologies
207.60.102.128 - 207.60.102.191 Sycamore Networks
207.60.102.192 - 207.60.102.255 Bostek
2?7.6?.10?.128 - 207.60.103.255 Louis Berger and Associates
207.60.104.128 - 207.60.104.191 Hanson Data Systems
207.60.106.128 - 207.60.106.255 Giganet Inc.
207.60.107.0 - 207.60.107.255 Roll Systems
207.60.108.8 - 207.60.108.15 InternetQA
207.60.111.0 - 207.60.111.31 Reading Cooperative Bank
207.60.111.32 - 207.60.111.63 Edco collaborative
207.60.111.64 - 207.60.111.95 DTC Communications Inc
207.60.111.96 - 207.60.111.127 Mike Line
207.60.111.128 - 207.60.111.159 The Steppingstone Foundation
207.60.111.160 - 207.60.111.191 Caton Connector
207.60.111.192 - 207.60.111.223 Refron
207.60.111.224 - 207.60.111.255 Dolabany Comm Group
207.60.112.0 - 207.60.112.255 The CCS Companies
207.60.116.0 - 207.60.116.255 Continental PET Technologies
207.60.122.16 - 207.60.122.23 Corey & Company Designers Inc
207.60.122.24 - 207.60.122.31 SAIC
207.60.122.32 - 207.60.122.39 Netserve Entertainment Group
207.60.122.40 - 207.60.122.47 Avici Systems Inc
207.60.122.48 - 207.60.122.55 Webrdwne
207.60.122.56 - 207.60.122.63 Reality and Wonder
207.60.122.64 - 207.60.122.71 Nishan Desilva
207.60.122.72 - 207.60.122.79 NemaSoft Inc
207.60.122.80 - 207.60.122.87 Patrick Murphy
207.60.122.88 - 207.60.122.95 Corey and Company
207.60.122.96 - 207.60.122.103 Ames Textile Corp
207.60.122.104 - 207.60.122.111 Publicom
207.60.127.0 - Northstar Technologies
207.60.128.0 - 207.60.128.255 Northstar Technologies
207.60.129.0 - 207.60.129.255 Sanga Corp
207.60.129.64 - 207.60.129.127 Fired Up Network
207.60.129.128 - 207.60.129.191 Integrated Data Solutions
207.60.129.192 - 207.60.129.255 Metanext
207.61.* WorldLinx Telecommunications, Inc., Canada
207.120.* BBN Planet, MA

RANGE 208
208.240.xxx.xxx

RANGE 209
209.35.* Interland, Inc., GA

RANGE 212
212.56.107.22
212.143 *** israelis isp's!! dont try those ranges!!
212.149.*** israelis isp's!! dont try those ranges!!
212.159.0.2
212.159.1.1
212.159.1.4
212.159.1.5
212.159.0.2
212.159.1.1
212.159.1.4
212.159.1.5
212.159.33.56
212.159.40.211
212.159.41.173
212.179.*** israelis isp's!! dont try those ranges!!
212.208.0.12.*** israelis isp's!! dont try those ranges!!

RANGE 213
213.8.***.*** israelis isp's!! dont try those ranges!!

RANGE 216
216.25.* 216.94.***.*** 216.247.* 216.248.*.* 217
217.6.* Do not scan REAL DANGEROUS (= CIA?)

Evolution 2020

Blog Archive

Latest Post

Monday, 25 November 2013

Who provides internet to ISP??

Saturday, 22 June 2013

CLOUD COMPUTING: BASIC CONCEPTS

Sunday, 16 June 2013

What is Intrusion Detection System? How it works ?

How Intrusion Detection System Works?

Monday, 13 May 2013

GSM: Network Architecture

Monday, 14 January 2013

How Domain Name System (DNS) Works

What is a Domain Name System?

Types of DNS Servers and their Role:

Root Name Servers:

Local Name Servers:

How DNS Server Works?

FAQs about Domain Name System:

How does a “root name server” obtain the information about new domains?

What is DNS propagation?

How often the DNS servers are updated to refresh the cache?

Sunday, 9 December 2012

127.0.0.1 – What Are its Uses and Why is it Important?

Friday, 2 November 2012

All samsung mobile secret codes

Saturday, 29 September 2012

Never scan these IP range

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